Research

Working Papers

  1. Frontline Leadership: Evidence from American Civil War Captains, NBER Working Paper 34057 (with Christian Dippel and Stephan Heblich)

Work in Progress

  1. Using Municipal Land Records to Reconstruct the Initial Patterns and Evolution of Redlining: 1935-1975 (with Omer Ali and Randall P. Walsh)
  2. The U.S. Civil War’s Impact on Women’s Work and Political Participation (with Madison Arnsbarger and Paige Montrose)
  3. The Geography of Race and Ethnicity in the United States: Uncovering a Hidden History of Expulsion and Exclusion (with Samuel Bazzi, Eric Chyn, Martin Fiszbein, Thomas Pearson, and Patrick A. Testa)

Publications

  1. The Confederate Diaspora, Review of Economic Studies, accepted (with Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, Thomas Pearson, and Patrick Testa)
    [Media coverage: 90.1 FM WABE, Ballpark Podcast, Broadstreet Blog, NBC News, USA Today, VoxEU]
  2. Wars, Taxation and Representation: Evidence from Five Centuries of German History, 2025, Journal of the European Economic Association, Vol. 23 (6), pp. 2241-2288 (with Sascha O. Becker, Eric Melander, and Luigi Pascali) [Replication files, Teaching materials]
  3. Fatherless: The Long-Term Effects of Losing a Father in the U.S. Civil War, 2025, Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 60 (4), pp. 1126-1174 (with Yannick Dupraz) [Replication files]
  4. The Impact of World War II Army Service on Income and Mobility in the 1960s by Ethnoracial Group, 2025, Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 97 (101687), pp. 1-20 (with Sergio Barrera, Price Fishback, and Misty Heggeness)
  5. Discrimination, Migration, and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from World War I, 2024, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 106 (5), pp. 1201-1219 (with Price Fishback) [Replication files] [Media coverage: Cato Policy Brief]
  6. New Area- and Population-based Geographic Crosswalks for U.S. Counties and Congressional Districts, 1790-2020, 2024, Historical Methods, Vol. 57 (2), pp. 67-79 (with Patrick Testa and Liyang Zhou) [Crosswalks, teaching material, and replication files]
  7. Using Digitized Newspapers to Address Measurement Error in Historical Data, 2024, Journal of Economic History, Vol. 84 (1), pp. 271–306 (with Joung Yeob Ha and Randall P. Walsh) [Replication files] [Media coverage: VoxEU, Broadstreet Blog]
  8. Churches as Social Insurance: Oil Risk and Religion in the U.S. South, 2023, Journal of Economic History, Vol. 83 (3), pp. 786–832 (with Patrick Testa) [Replication files]
  9. The Other Great Migration: Southern Whites and the New Right, 2023, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 138 (3), pp. 1577–1647 (with Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, Thomas Pearson, and Patrick Testa) [Replication files] [Media coverage: The Economist, The Washington Post, VoxEU, NPR Morning Edition]
  10. World War II and Black Economic Progress, 2022, Journal of Labor Economics, Vol. 40 (4), pp. 1053–1091 [Replication files]
  11. Sundown Towns and Racial Exclusion: The Southern White Diaspora and the “Great Retreat”, 2022, AEA Papers and Proceedings, Vol. 112, pp. 234–238 (with Samuel Bazzi, Martin Fiszbein, Thomas Pearson, and Patrick Testa) [Replication files]
  12. Causal Mediation Analysis in Instrumental Variables Regressions, 2020, Stata Journal, Vol. 20 (3), pp. 613–626 (with Christian Dippel and Stephan Heblich) [Replication files] [For data and code type “ssc install ivmediate” in Stata]
  13. Consequences of Forced Migration: A Survey of Recent Findings, 2019, Labour Economics, Vol. 59, pp. 1–16 (with Sascha O. Becker) [Supplementary material available here]
  14. Voluntary Programs to Encourage Diffusion: The Case of the Combined Heat-and-Power Partnership, 2014, The Energy Journal, Vol. 35 (1), pp. 161–173 (with Ian Lange)

Book Chapters

  1. Wars and the Labor Market Outcomes of Minorities in the U.S., in Jari Eloranta, Jeremy Land, Elina Kuorelahti, Price Fishback (eds.) The Routledge Economic History of War (2025), Chapter 21, pp. 383-404